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Environmental Business Review | Friday, February 18, 2022
Even though hydraulic fracturing has the potential to provide customers with more oil and gas resources, the extraction technique can have long-term damaging effects on the environment.
FREMONT, CA: In the last few years, the oil and gas industry in the United States has undergone unprecedented production levels due to hydraulic fracturing, sometimes called fracking. This extraction method includes mixing chemicals with a considerable volume of water and sand under high pressure to build rock formations, which are then used to fracture the material surrounding oil and gas, allowing it to be retrieved. However, fracking is divisive due to the large number of natural resources required to finish the operation and the detrimental effects it can have on the air and water quality of the fracked areas.
Effect of Hydraulic Fracturing on air quality
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Methane is one of the principal pollutants emitted during the fracking process. Methane is a crucial source of greenhouse gas emissions. On a 20-year horizon, its global warming capacity is 84 times that of carbon dioxide, and on a 100-year horizon, it is 28 times. Fracking harms persons who live near extraction sites and their global impact. A set of auxiliary components ejected at well sites can irritate the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat, among other things. Respiratory diseases might be worsened by local air pollution.
Impact of Hydraulic Fracturing on water quality
The fracking process ingests billions of gallons of water annually on a national and state basis. As per the EPA, the normal water consumed per well is 1.5 million gallons locally. This use decreases the amount of freshwater accessible to surrounding households, which is particularly critical in locations where water is scarce. In addition, when water is in short supply near fracking sites, it may be shifted from other parts of the country, pulling water from lakes and rivers across the country. Another big problem is water contamination, as chemicals used in fracking can leak back into local water supplies.
Other environmental issues
Fracking can have long-term consequences on the soil and adjacent vegetation, along with air and water pollution. Water spills with exorbitant salt can damage the soil's ability to support plant growth.
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